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would also be good for others, and that it ought to be possible
to devise movements which would be particularly beneficial for
invalids.
He was a man of indomitable energy, the whole of which he
brought to bear on the carrying out of these plans. The
professors of medicine at the University of Lund were friends of
his, and he endeavoured to interest them in his ideas, and
succeeded to a certain extent in so doing. They opened their
anatomy and other lecture-rooms to him, and helped him in
many ways. The “fencing master,” as some of the continental
writers on massage, the majority of whom know nothing
whatever of his treatment, are so fond of calling him, learned
everything that could in those days be learned in the different
departments of medical study.
By utilizing and developing many of the gymnastic
movements practised by former men, and by devising for himself
many new ones, he built up a system of exercises,—the Ling
system. He studied their effect, and endeavoured to explain
it on physiological grounds. As we cannot always explain
the action of many drugs, so he was unable to explain why
certain exercises produced corresponding results. He was in
these cases guided by the law of the beautiful, and reasoned
that any exercise or movement which in itself was graceful,
would also be beneficial.
He divided his system into four chief branches:—
1. The Pedagogic.
2. The Medical.
3. The Military.
4. The Æsthetic.
I only intend in this thesis to deal more particularly with the
second group, but I may say that the “pedagogic” exercises are
for the developing and strengthening of healthy people, while
the “medical” are meant to arrest or combat diseased conditions.
These two, however, pass so gradually into one another that
no distinct line can be drawn between them; and it is
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