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PLANT BREEDING IN SWEDEN
BY
Dr. HANS TEDIN
SVALÖF
The practical plant breeding in sweden is as to
origin and development intimately associated with the name of Svalöf, a
village, situated in Skåne, the southermost province of Sweden, about four
Swedish miles from Malmö. On the initiative of Birger Welinder in Svalöf,
»The South Swedish Association for the cultivation and improvement of seeds»
was established in 1886. The idea won lively adherence so that two years later
the Association was enlarged and included the whole country. In 1889 a like
association was organized for Middle Sweden, but after five years only, the two
associations were united to one organization now officially called the Swedish Seed
Association. From an inconsiderable origin the Association has, little by little,
attained a great development. It has, as will be shown in the following, been
of extraordinarily great importance for the improvement of Swedish agriculture
and the increase of its production. Svalöf sorts have been proved on trial on
both a large and a small scale all over the world, wherever a rational growing
of the common cereals, wheat, rye, barley and oats is carried on. In several
European countries, and not only in the countries nearest Sweden certain sorts
have been greatly spread.
From north to south, Sweden extends over 14 degrees of latitude. The climate
and soil in different parts are therefore very different, and the general conditions
for agriculture show considerable variations also. In order to look to the need
of different provinces as to better sorts, more suited to their locality and with
a higher yield, branch stations were established in different parts of the country.
There are now eight such stations, the northermost being situated somewhat north
of the 65th degree of latitude, near the town Piteå. The chief aim of these stations
is to find out through systematic and comparative field trials, which sorts are best
suited to the different provinces, and also to carry on local plant breeding, if such is
necessary for the production of still better sorts in the different parts of the country.
A proof of the interest, which the Association and its work aroused from
the very first, are the contributions, which have been given both from private
men and from the public. Of the 26 Provincial Agricultural Societies of Sweden
one after another began to help the Association, so that in 1890 all of them
contributed with large or small sums to the support of its work. From the govern»
ment, which during the first years only gave temporary subsidies, the Association
has now, since the year 1891, received an annual and from time to time increa*
sed supply. The contributions from the Provincial Agricultural Societies were discon«
tinued in 1914, but then compensation was given by the government. The supply,
which the government last year granted the Association and its branch stations
for 1921, was in all 185,600 crowns.
..J
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