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ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS COMBINATIONS. 757
there have been numerous investigations, no amino-acids besides glycocoll could
be detected in normal human urine, while, on the contrary, in pathological con-
ditions other amino-acids have been found several times. The amino-acid frac-
tion of the urine seems to be increased in starvation and in high altitudes ( Loewt ’)•
The conclusions of various investigators 2
in regard to the behavior of amino-
acids in diseases such as gout, disagree.
Non-dialyzable substances, the so-called adialyzable bodies, or bodies that
dialyze with difficulty, also occur in the urine. They consist in part of chon-
droit in-sulphuric acid whose daily amount, according to Pons, is 0.08-0.09 gram,
and also of nucleic acid, mucoids, the colloidal nitrogenous bodies (see Balkowski,
page 749) and unknown bodies. Sasaki found 0.218-0.68 gram of such bodies
per liter of normal urine, and Ebbecke found 1.44 grams in men. In pregnant
women Savare found somewhat higher results (0.G gram per liter) than in non-
pregnant women (0.4 gram). The quantity is increased in fevers, in pneumonia
(Ebbecke), in nephritis, and especially in eclampsia, where Savare • indeed in
one ease found 13.84 grams per liter. The adialyzable bodies occurring in eclampsia
are toxic.
Organic combinations containing phosphorus such as glycerophosphoric acid,
phosphocarnic acid (Rockwood), etc., which yield phosphoric acid on fusing with
saltpeter and caustic alkali, are also found in urine (Lepine and Eymonnet,
Oertel). With a total elimination of about 2.0 grams total P«05 , Oertel found
on an average about 0.05 gram P2 5 as phosphorus in organic combination. Accord-
ing to Kondo the quantity of organic phosphorus is increased by taking phos-
phatides and nucleins but not to the same extent as the quantity of phosphoric
acid. According to Sy.m.mers 4
the organic combined phosphorus ma}- in many
pathological conditions be 25-50 per cent of the total phosphoric acid. In lym-
phatic leucaemia, and especially in degenerative diseases of the nervous system,
the quantity may increase.
Enzymes of various kinds have been isolated from the urine. Among these
may be mentioned pepsin, diastolic enzyme and lipase. 6
Mucin. The nubecula consists, as shown by K. Morxer,6
of a mucoid which
contains 12.74 per cent N and 2.3 per cent S. This mucoid, which apparently
originates in the urinary passages, may pass to a slight extent into solution in
the urine. In regard to the nature of the mucins and nucleoalbumins otherwise
occurring in the urine we refer the reader to the pathological constituents of the
urine.
Ptomaines and leucomaines, or poisonous substances of an unknown kind,
which are often described as alkaloidal substances, occur in normal urine, as shown
by earlier investigations (Pouchet, Bouchard, Aducco and others 7
) and also
by recent researches of Kutscher, Lohmann and Engeland. The trimethyl-
1
Deutsch. med. Wochenschr., 1905; see also Signorelli, Bioch. Zeitschr., 39.
2
See Jastrowitz, Arch. f. exp. Path. u. Pharm., 59; Walker Hall, Bioch. Journ.,
1; Brugsch and Sehittenhelm, Zeitschr. f. exp. Path. u. Therap., 4.
3
Pons, Hofmeister’s Beitrage, 9; Sasaki, ibid., 9; Savare, ibid., 9 and 11; Ebbecke,
Bioch. Zeitschr., 13.
4
Rockwood, Arch. f. (Anat. u.) Physiol., 1895; Oertel, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem.,
26, which cites the other works. See also Keller, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 29;
Mandel and Oertel, N. Y. Univ. Bull. Med. Sciences, 1; and Maly’s Jahresber., 31;
Symmers, Journ. of Path, and Bact, 10.
5
In regard to the literature on enzymes in the urine, see Huppert-Xeubauer, 599.
In regard to trypsin in the urine see Johansson, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 85.
6
Skand. Arch, f . Physiol, 6.
7
A complete bibliography on the ptomaines and leucomaines of the urine is found
in Huppert-Xeubauer, 403.
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