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346 CHYLE, LYMPH, TRANSUDATES AND EXUDATES.
Lymph, like the plasma, contains seralbumin, serglobulins, fibrinogen,
and fibrin ferment. The two last-mentioned bodies occur only in very
small amounts; therefore the lymph coagulates slowly (but spontaneously)
and yields but little fibrin. Like other liquids poor in fibrin ferment,
lymph does not at once coagulate completely, but repeated coagula-
tions take place.
The extractive bodies seem to be the same as in plasma. Sugar (or
at least a reducing substance) is found in about the same quantity as in
the blood-serum, namely, about 1 p. m. The glycogen detected by Dastre *
in the lymph occurs only in the leucocytes. According to Rohmann and
Bial, lymph contains a diastatic enzyme similar to that in blood-plasma,
and Lepine2
found that the chyle of a dog during digestion has great gly-
colytic activity. Lipases may also occur in lymph. The amount of urea
has been determined by Wurtz 3
as 0.12-0.28 p. m. The mineral bodies
appear to be the same as in plasma.
As form-elements, leucocytes and in certain cases red blood-corpuscles
are common to both chyle and lymph. Chyle in fasting animals has the
appearance of lymph. After fatty food it is, on the contrary, milky,
due partly to small fat-globules, as in milk, and partly, indeed, mostly
to finely divided fat. The nature of the fat occurring in chyle depends
upon the kind of fat in the food. By far the greater part consists of
neutral fat, and even after feeding with large quantities of free fatty
acids, Munk 4 found that the chyle contained chiefly neutral fat with
only small amounts of fatty acids or soaps.
The gases of the entirely normal human lymph have not thus far been
investigated. The gases from dog-lymph contain, according to Hammar-
sten, only traces of oxygen, and consist of 37.4-53.1 per cent CO2 and
1.6 per cent N, calculated at 0° C, and 760 mm. mercury. The chief mass
of the carbon dioxide of the lymph seems to be in firm chemical com-
bination. Comparative analyses of blood and lymph have shown that the
lymph contains more carbon dioxide than arterial, but less than venous
blood. The tension of the carbon dioxide of lymph is, according to
Pfluger and Strassburg,5 smaller than in venous, but greater than in
arterial, blood.
The quantitative composition of the chyle must evidently be very
variable. The specific gravity varies between 1.007 and 1.043. As an
1
Compt. rend, de soc. biol., 47, and Compt. Rend., 120; Arch, de Physiol. (5), 7.
2 Rohmann and Bial, Pfluger’s Arch., 52, 53, and 55; Lepine, Compt. Rend., 110.
3
Compt, Rend., 49.
* Virchow’s Arch., 80 and 123. In regard to the analysis of the fat of chyle, see
Erben, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 30.
5
Hammarsten, Die Gase der Hundelymphe, Arbeiten aus d. physiol. Anstalt zu
Leipzig, 1871 ; Strassburg, Pfluger’s Archiv, 6.
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