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WHITE BLOOD-CORPUSCLES. 305
contain, according to Bottazzi and Cappelli, 1
considerably more
potassium than sodium. Lime is claimed to be absent in the blood-
corpuscles, but according to Hamburger 2
this is not true for at least
ox-blood, and magnesia occurs only in small amounts: 0.016 (sheep)
-0.150 p. m. (pig). The blood-corpuscles of all animals investigated
contain chlorine, 0.460-1.949 p. m. (both in horse), generally 1 to 2
p. m., and also phosphoric acid. The amount of inorganic phosphoric
acid shows great variation: 0.275 (sheep)-1.916 p. m. (horse). All
of the above figures are calculated on the fresh, moist blood-corpuscles.
By quantitative determinations of the swelling and shrinking of the cells
under the influence of NaCl solutions of various concentration, or of serum of
various dilutions, Hamburger has attempted to determine for the erythrocytes,
as well as the leucocytes, the percentage relationship between the two chief con-
stituents of the cells (the frame and the intracellular fluid). He found that the
volume of the frame-substance for both varieties of blood-corpuscles of the horse
was equal to 53-56.1 per cent. The volume for the red blood-corpuscles was
for the rabbit 48.7-51; hen, 52.4-57.7, and for the frog, 72-76.4 per cent.
Koeppe has raised objections to these determinations. 3
The White Blood- corpuscles and the Blood-plates.
The White Blood-corpuscles, also called Leucocytes or Lymphoid
Cells, are of different kinds, and ordinarily we differentiate between
the small forms poor in protoplasm, called lymphocytes, and the larger,
granular, often more nucleated forms, called leucocytes. The poly-
nuclear leucocytes occur in greater abundance in the blood than the
lymphocytes. In human and mammalian blood, most of the white
blood-corpuscles are larger than the red blood-corpuscles. They also
have a lower specific gravity than the red corpuscles, move in the circulat-
ing blood nearer to the walls of the blood-vessels, and also have a slower
motion.
The number of white blood-corpuscles varies not only in the different
blood-vessels, but also under different physiological conditions. On
an average there is only 1 white corpuscle for 350-500 red corpuscles.
According to the investigations of Alex. Schmidt 4
and his pupils,
the leucocytes are destroyed in great part on the discharge of the blood
before and during coagulation, so that discharged blood is much poorer
in leucocytes than the circulating blood. The correctness of this state-
ment has been denied by other investigators.
1
Bunge, Zeitschr. f. Biologie, 12, and Abderhalden, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem.,
23 and 25; Wanach, Maly’s Jahresber., 18, 88; Bottazzi and Cappelli, Arch. Ital.
de Biologie, 32.
2
Zeitschr. f. physik. Chem. 69.
3
Hamburger, Arch. f. (Anat. u ) Physiol., 1898; Koeppe, ibid., 1899 and 1900.
4
Pfluger’s Arch., 11 and Kriiger, Arch. f. exp. Path. u. Pharm., 51.
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