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in the more thinly populated districts, there is a smithy,
sometimes in connection with a carpenter’s shop. On account of the
small size of the farms and their often isolated situation, the
artisan’s work is here, to a much greater extent than in southern
countries, performed on the farm itself; and a Norwegian farmer
will, as a rule, be able personally to make many of the repairs
of different kinds that are needed. As an average for the whole
country, it is estimated that the cost of the buildings is about
30 % of the value of the estate, including also that part of the
value which consists of forestry, fishery, etc.

The price of farms in Norway has been increasing, even at
times when husbandry has been depressed by the low prices its
products fetch, the high wages, taxes, etc. As the standard of
valuation for the properties, we use the sale-price according to
skyldmark (standard of assessment). It was during

the	years	1866	to	1870 ....	kr.	1,158
»	»	1871	»	1875 . . . .	»	1,309
»	»	1876	»	1880 . . . .	»	1,491
»	»	1881	»	1885 . . . .	»	1,588
»	»	1886	»	1890 . . . .	»	1,610
»	»	1891	»	1895 . . . .	»	1,700

In 1896 it was kr. 1676 and in 1897, kr. 1695. While the
price of land in most European countries has been decreasing, in
Norway, as will be seen from the above table, it has been
maintained or has increased. The causes of this are probably several.
Here the farms, on the whole, are small, and the fall in prices
of landed property has chiefly affected the larger estates;
moreover Norwegian husbandry, probably to a larger extent than in
most other countries, is combined with other means of livelihood,
such as forestry and fishing; and when times have been
favourable for the latter, this has also benefited husbandry. Finally,
times on the whole, during the latter part of the period spoken
of above, have been good in the country, as far as money is
concerned, and this, as a matter of course, has reacted on the prices
of property.

In the course of the last twenty or thirty years the state
has by several measures tried to benefit agriculture. Such
measures are under the supervision of a managing director working
under the Department of Agriculture. Public grants for the
advancement of husbandry may be divided into the following

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