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The authority representing the central power in the towns is
called «magistrate» and is nominated by the king. The magistrates
of the capital and of Bergen are composed of three burgomasters,
while the functions of the magistrate in the other towns are
performed by one person.
The 18 counties are divided into 56 subdivisions (fogderier)
under magistrates (fogder) appointed by the king. By an act of
July 21st, 1894, however, their offices are going to be gradually
abolished. They perform the administrative functions corresponding
to those of the French sub-prefects; they also administer the rural
police and are even public prosecutors in the case of a great
number of offences punishable by fines; finally they have the collection
of the direct public imposts with the public funds and treasury
accounts for their district. In the collection of the imposts, etc., the
fogder will be replaced by treasurers of counties (amtskasserere),
and at the head of the rural police will be placed special chiefs
(politimestre). The towns have always had their chiefs of police.
The functionaries for the local rural police (the «lensmænd») are
subordinate to the fogder, and like these they have a variety of
functions. Generally there is one in each rural municipality. After
the abolishment of the offices of foged, they will have more important
functions. According to the act of June 30th, 1884, the lensmænd are
appointed by the prefect, who, however, is generally restricted in
his choice to the three candidates proposed by the municipal council.
Certain expenses of the rural municipalities are entirely or
partially defrayed by the whole county. On the funds and general councils
of the counties, see the special article on municipal organisation.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
Fredrik Stang. Systematisk Fremstilling af Kongeriget Norges constitutionelle
eller grundlovbestemte Ret. Kristiania. 1833.
T. H. Aschehoug. Norges offentlige Ret. Kristiania. I. 1866. II. 1—3. 2. Edition.
1891—93.
» Das Staatsrecht der vereinigten Königreiche Schweden und Norwegen.
(Handbuch des öffentlichen Rechts der Gegenwart, hg. von H. Marquardsen.
B. 4/2/2. Freiburg i B. 1886).
Nordisk Retsencyklopædi. Fasc. 6—8. Kjøbenhavn. 1885—87.
B. Morgenstierne. Lærebog i den norske statsforfatningsret. Kristiania. 1899.
(In course of publication).
A. Færden. Almenfatteligt Udsigt over Norges Statsforfatning. Kristiania. 1894.
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