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- II. Intercourse between the Gaill and the Gaedhil during the Viking Period
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THE GAILL AND THE GAEDHIL 15
King of Ossory (d. 887), an ally of Olaf and Ivarr. His
grandson, Dufthak (Ir. Dubhthach)
*
was the founder of an
Icelandic family, and three of his daughters, Kormloth (Ir.
Gormflaith),
2
Frithgerth
3
and Rafarta 4
married Norsemen.
The Landnámabók speaks of Kjarval as having been King
of Dublin while
"
Alfred the Great ruled in England . . .
and Harold Fairhair in Norway,"
8
a statement which is
often doubted because unsupported by the evidence of the
Irish historians ; but it is not at all unlikely, since Cearbhall
was remotely connected with the Dublin royal house through
his granddaughter Thurithr, who married Thorsteinn the
Red, son of Olaf the White. 6
There is no mention of Authr, Olaf’s Norse wife, in the
Annals, but we hear incidentally
7
that Olaf, while in Ireland,
married a daughter of Aedh Finnliath, King of Aileach.
After he became árd-ri (864) Aedh turned against the
Norsemen, and having plundered all their fortresses in
the north of Ireland marched towards Lough Foyle, where
they had assembled to give him battle. Aedh was victorious,
and some years after he again defeated the Foreigners,
who were at this time in alliance with his nephew Flann ;
Flann himself and Carlus, son of Olaf the White being
1
Landndmabok, V., ch. 8.
2
Ib., V., ch. 13.
3
Ib., III., ch. 9.
4
Ib., III., ch. 12. Rafarta was the wife of Eyvindr the Easterner,"
who settled down in Ireland and had charge of Kjarval’s defences
"
(cf. Crettis Saga, ch. 3). Orkneyinga Saga (ch. n.) makes Edna
(Ir. Eithne] another of Kjarval’s daughters to be the mother of
Sigurthr, Earl of Orkney (killed in the battle of Clontarf, 1014) ;
but owing to the chronological difficulty this is hardly likely.
5
Landndmabdk, I., ch. i.
*Ib., II., ch. 15.
’’Three Fragments of Annals, p. 151. The same source (p. 173)
mentions still another wife of Olaf,
"
the daughter of Cinaedh,"
i.e., in all probability Cinaedh Mac Ailpin, King of the Picts (d. 858).
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