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I2 ._JOHN III. AND THE LITURGY. 237
Incumbents were to be elected by the parishioners, but
examined by the bishop, who might declare the man
chosen unfit, and put in another priest. Prayers, fasting
and alms were recognized as religious duties. Severe
and ignominious Church penalties should only be used for
serious acts of vice, and those who defied the Church s
discipline were to be punished by the secular power
(Cornelius: Hist 37). At a Church Council, held next
year, at Upsala, the archbishop promised to issue a confes
sion
"
after the pattern of the Confession of Augsburg,"
though he did not live to fulfil his promise. He had suffi
ciently shown his inclination towards the teaching of
Melanchthon by recommending to preachers
"
the loci
communes of Philip," to which he added the Swedish
version of the Margarita Theologjca (K. O., I.e., p. 27).
At this assembly it was agreed to maintain the ceremonies
and Church customs which had hitherto been in use in the
Swedish Church, and now \vere set out in the recently
printed Church Order (Corn. 38). Thus the archbishop s
book received the approval of the Church, though it was
not directly imposed upon it. He died 26th October,
1573, revered and honoured by all men, and mourned by
the clergy as a father. Besides the Bible and the Church
Order, Sweden owes to him its hymn-book of 1567, which
is the foundation of all later books (ibid. 38). His
memory has been fairly honoured by an oration delivered
by the poet, F. M. Franzen, before the Swedish Academy
in 1842.
12. CHANGES IN OTHER LANDS. COMPARISON OF THE
SOVEREIGNS OF ENGLAND AND SWEDEN. POSI
TION OF KING JOHN. THE Nova Ordinantia OF
1575. ITS PROVISIONS. THE LITURGY OF 1576.
DISPUTES ABOUT IT.
In order to understand the events of King John s reign
and the influence which it had upon the course of religion
in Sweden, we must remember what had been taking place
in Europe, and the changes which had come about in other
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