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172 IV. THE ROMANIZED CHURCH (A.D. 13891520).
the cathedral and the cathedral body. Further, the office of
cantor or precentor, which comes second among the
English dignities in the old foundations, was not a high
one in Sweden, and it is comparatively rarely mentioned.
We are, perhaps, entitled to conjecture that the musical
side of public worship was not nearly so widely developed
as among ourselves. We hear, indeed, of two fourteenth
century organs in Gothland churches \vhich have been pre
served to our own day (Sv. M., book v., 693), but there
seems to be little reference to instrumental music in
churches in Swedish literature. The other officers who are
more often mentioned are the scholasticus, or theological
lecturer, who may answer in some measure to the chancellor
in our cathedrals and the sacristan or treasurer. There
was also very frequently in later days a man of business,
an ceconomus, syssloman, or steward, answering, I sup
pose, to the seneschal at Canterbury, and to the chapter
clerk or registrar of our other cathedrals. But these officers
were not at all necessary to every chapter, or at all times.
The canons who formed the general body of the chapter
were naturally most numerous in Upsala. About the year
1400 there were thus a provost, an archdeacon and eighteen
canons. Linkoping had rather fewer than Upsala.
20
Vesteras seems to have been a much smaller body, with
about four canons. Strengnas and Skara appear to have
had about the same number, viz., twelve or thirteen canons.
Vexio had a provost and seven canons in 1382, and other
officers are mentioned at different times. Abo, in Finland,
had ten canons and an archipresbyter, besides the other
usual officers (Sv. M., book v., 141-3).
The appointment to the cathedral offices lay generally
with the bishop, who was, however, to consult the chapter
as regards his choice. This system of co-optation was
20
In 1470 we find a provost, archdeacon, dean, scholasticus,
cantor and fifteen canons mentioned in the letter of Paul II.
threatening all who opposed Jacobus Ulphonis with excom
munication (Celsii ; Bull., p. 202) that is exactly the same
number as in 1400, since Jacobus himself was a canon.
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