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Full resolution (TIFF) - On this page / på denna sida - Footnotes - Chapter 24 - Chapter 25
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Fbot^^ 1339
Guy B. Johnson, “Patterns of Race Conflict,” in Race Relations and the Race
Probleniy Edgar T. Thompson (editor) (1939), pp. 13 1 ff.
It has become customary in sociological literature to refer to the slavery system and
the ante-bellum South as a social order in balance and equilibrium. “There was no
serious race problem under slavery. The problem arose with the sudden and complete
destruction of the old social arrangement, and the necessity for making a new racial
adjustment under the irreversible conditions of a tremendous Negro population growth,
economic interdependence, and the partial acculturation of the Negro group.” (Charles
S. Johnson in Weatherford and Johnson, of. cit.y p. 543. Compare William Graham
Sumner, Folkways [1906], pp. 77 and 90; Robert E. Park, “The Bases of Race Prej-
udice,” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science [Novem-
ber, 1928], pp. 1 3-1 5 i
Bertram W. Doyle, The Etiquette of Race Relations in the South
[1937], pp. 7 ff.) This view is considerably exaggerated, to say the least.
There are, however, advantages to be gained by holding the Negro in a subordinate
position. “Three gains are seen as accruing to the middle-class white group} they are the
economic, sexual, and prestige gains. The white middle class is so placed that it makes
all of these gains from the Negroes and some of them from the lower-class whites.”
(John Dollard, Caste and Class in a Southern Town [1937], p. 99*
)
Chapter 25. The Police and Other Public Contacts
^
Arthur Raper, “Race and Class Pressures,” unpublished manuscript prepared for this
study (1940), p. 20.
^ A great many of these arrests occur on streetcars and buses. A Negro may be arrested
for demanding the right change from the conductor or for refusing to give up his seat
in the colored section of the car to a white person.® He may be arrested for being in
the white section of town after dark.** Raper cites the following case.
“, . . Mrs. Edna Lewis, prominent Negro Baptist from Akron, Ohio, . , . was attend-
ing the Baptist World Alliance in Atlanta in August, 1939. When driving downtown
she had asked a policeman how to reach Fort Street. Instead of directing her, he said,
‘All you darkies want to go to darkeytown.’ ‘Well,^ replied Mrs. Lewis, ‘I happen not
to be any more darkey than you are.’ The policeman, indignant and amazed stammered
out, ‘Why—why—I’ll have you put in jail for that.’ Whereupon, he arrested her, called
a nearby patrol wagon and sent her off to the police station on a charge of ‘disturbing the
peace.’ At the sergeant’s desk she was told she could post a bond of $12 or remain in
jail until Monday,”®
In July, 1942, in Rome, Georgia, Mrs. Roland Hayes, wife of the famous tenor,
went with her daughter into a shoe store where she had dealt for three years. It was a
hot day, and they sat under the fan. A clerk asked them to move back into the section
reserved for Negroes. Mrs. Hayes refused, saying it was hot, and that she preferred to
remain under the fan. Words were exchanged, and Mrs, Hayes told the clerk he was
behaving like Hitler.
• Raper, of, cit.y pp. 6-7.
’‘Ibid., pp. s6-S7>
“
lbid,y pp. 57-<;8.
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