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Footnotes 130S
Chapter 19. The War Boom—and Thereafter
^ A study made by the Work Projects Administration indicates unequivocally that,
at least until the latter half of 1941, Negroes were grossly under-represented among the
in-migrants to certain large cities including many primary war production areas.
(See table in this footnote.) This was true in the North as well as in the South. In
most cases there were not even half as many Negroes among those moving to the cities
as among those already in the cities. This means that the war boom had reversed an
earlier migration trend. While the Negro population until 1940 had been increasing
faster than the white population in urban areas, both in the North and in the South,
during this early stage of the defense boom, it was the white population that showed
the most rapid growth. This pattern was, of course, wholly different from that during
the First World War.
Conditions may have changed somewhat since the fall of 1941. The Bureau of
Employment Security reports in September, 1942, that:
“These developments [the federal government’s stand on discrimination and coopera-
tion by some industries] have resulted in some slight increases in Negro employment from
3.5 percent in May to 4.7 percent in July of employment in the major war manufactur-
ing establishments. ... It is reported [however] that many employers in war production
industries plan to continue their discriminatory policy* until other available sources of
labor are exhausted. This appears to be true especially of the aircraft, ordnance, rubber
Percentage or Nonwhites in the Total Population, 1940, and Among Recent In-miorants
According to Surveys Made During the Latter Half of 1941, in Selected Cities*
Percentage of Percentage of
Nonwhite Persons Nonwhite Persons
City In Total Among recent City In Total Among recent
Population In-migrants Population In-migrants
North and West North and West
Bridgeport 3 1 (cont.)
Philadelphia 13 6 San Diego 3 1
Pittsburgh 9 8 Los Angeles 6 3
Dayton 10 5 Oakland 5 3
Indianapolis 13 4
South Bend 4 2 South
Detroit 9 4 Baltimore 19 II
Des Moines 4 (b) Washington, D.C. 29 7
Wichita 5 2 Norfolk 32 14
Seattle 4 (b) Atlanta 35 16
San Francisco 5 (b) Nashville 28 8
Long Beach 0 I Oklahoma City 10 1
Houston 22 7
St. Louis 13 3
Sowree: Migration figures furnished by courtesy of Work Projects Adminstration. Division of Research;
Population figures from Sixteenth Census of the United States: 1040, Population, Preliminary Release, Series
P-S. No. 10.
• The data on in-migrants are based on rather small samples. The figures for individual cities, there-
fore, should not be stressed as much as the fact that virtually all data give about tbe same general impression
pf NeOToes being under-represented among tha in-nqigrants.
\ than 0.5 per cent.
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