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242 V. THE REFORMATION (A.D. 15201592).
confirmation in a very simple form. As regards the saints,
it asserted that, though they may pray for us, we ought
not to pray to them. They should, however, be held in
reverence, especially the Virgin Mary,
"
who, without
doubt, was hallowed and purified in her mother s body by
the Holy Spirit and afterwards ruled by the same Spirit in
all virtues
"
(Art. 10, p. 332). Its article on the Lord s
Supper was especially directed against the Calvinists or
Sacramentarians, but it asserted (with Gelasius of Rome)
the persistence of the substances of bread and wine (Art.
7, 8, p. 291). It introduced a new preface, which really
was a consecration prayer, and which, after a description of
the intention of the Lord s Supper, continued: "Which
supper we according to His command and ordinance desire
to celebrate, bless with His Word [the] bread and wine,
the gifts, which are set before [thee] that they in a right use
may become thy Son s [true] Body and Blood." The
words of institution and laudes were to follow the preface
(Art. 8, 7 and 8).
The book treated Church discipline at great length, and
enumerated twenty-nine grievous sins or crimes which
were still subject to Church punishment. Fifteen kinds of
punishments are also recited, but of an ecclesiastical sort,
not fine or imprisonment (Art. 6, 2 and 3). In connec
tion with this subject it created a Consistorium ecclesias-
ticum for the whole Church, consisting of bishops and old,
God-fearing, learned and experienced men, to meet twice a
year or oftener at Stockholm, to whom difficult cases might
be referred by secular or spiritual authorities (ibid. 14).
As regards the election of bishops, the plan adopted at
the recent election to Upsala was generally sanctioned.
The members of chapter were to announce the occurrence
of a vacancy to the prince, who thereupon should call for
the votes of the other bishops of the realm, and the most
influential priests of the diocese. After the votes have
been given the prince should
"
examine which of the candi
dates can be approved, and set him in office according to
custom, so that the prince has the highest vote
"
(Art. 18,
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