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8. ANUND, EMUND AND ADALBERT. 79
Germany as well as Scandinavia, and possibly to be a
rival to Rome itself. He received from Pope Leo IX.
(1049 A.D. 1054 A.D.) the position which St. Boniface had
previously held as legate of the Apostolic see. He became
the guardian and Chief Minister of State of the young
Emperor, Henry IV. of Germany (1058 A.D. onwards). It
is to be feared that his missionary zeal was largely tem
pered with a desire to consolidate his own power and
prerogative. On the other hand, the King of Sweden was
naturally anxious to maintain his independence of the
German Empire. He thought no doubt that as St. Olaf
had his own court-bishop, Grimkil, and others chosen by
himself, and brought from England, and Jarl Hakon had
Sigurd chosen by Knut, and previous kings of his own
race had favoured Sigfrid, both in West Gothland and
Smaland Skara and Vexio so he might be entitled to
have his own court-bishop, Osmund. This man was a
nephew of Bishop Sigfrid, though apparently not himself
an Englishman. He had been sent by his uncle to study
in the schools of Bremen (Adam: ch. 132; cp. 242).
According to the accounts of his enemies, he tried to get
ordination at Rome as two others called Bernard and
Asgoth had done but was repulsed. He then was con
secrated bishop by a Polish archbishop, and posed in
Sweden as a representative of the pope. There may have
been something in this last pretension. Adalbert, how
ever, was determined not only to maintain, but to enlarge
the jurisdiction of his see. He consecrated Adalward.
Dean of Bremen, as Bishop of Sigtuna (ch. 205), which had
now taken the place of Birka, and sent him with a retinue of
priests to obtain recognition from the king in Svithiod.
They found Osmund having an archiepiscopal cross carried
before him, and acting as head of the Church in Sweden,
and professing to treat Adalward and his party as intruders,
because they could not produce a commission from the
Apostolic see (ch. 132).
The representatives of the Archbishop of Hamburg were
for the time driven away with contempt, and Adalward
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