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Bergen.
67
Bergen.
96, 951. Bergen (oprindelig Bjørgvin o:
Græsgangen mellem Bjergene) grundlagdes af den norske
Konge Olaf Kyrre mellem 1070 og 1075 paa den
østlige Side af Vaagen, hvor tidligere Landingsstedet for
Kongsgaarden Aalrekstad havde været. Paa Grund af
sin gode Havn og fordelagtige Beliggenhed tiltog Byen
hurtigt i Folkemængde og Velstand. Under
Borgerkrigene var den Skuepladsen for mange mærkelige
Begivenheder og blodige Kampe. I Aaret 1135 blev
Magnus Sigurdsøn fanget og blindet af Harald Gille; Aaret
efter myrdedes Harald Gille om Natten af Sigurd
Slembe; i 1154 blev hans Søn Sigurd Mund fældet paa
Bryggen af sin Broder Inge; i 1164 kronedes Magnus
Erlingssøn til Norges Konge; i 1181 stod Søslaget
udenfor Nordnæs mellem Kongerne Magnus og Sverre;
i 1184 blev Kong Magnus begravet i Christkirken; i
1188 blev Kuvlungernes og 1194 Øyeskeggernes Flok
tilintetgjort af Kong Sverre, de sidste i det
haardnakkede Søslag ved Florvaag; i 1198 laa Birkebeinerne
og Baglerne den hele Sommer og stredes i og udenfor
Byen (Bergenssommeren); 1202 døde Kong Sverre paa
Borgen. I Aaret 1223 holdtes i Bergen det store
Rigsmøde, hvor Haakon Haakonsøn blev anerkjendt som
Norges retmæssige Thronarving; i 1247 lod Haakon
sig med stor Pragt krone af Kardinal Wilhelm af
Sabina og blev i 1264 begravet i Christkirken. Bergens
Glandsperiode falder under Haakon Haakonsøn; den
var da Norges største og rigeste By og rimeligvis alle-
was taken prisoner here, in 1135, by Harald Gille, who
put out his eyes; the following year Harald himself
was murdered at night by Sigurd Slembe; in 1154 his
son, Sigurd Munk, was slain by his brother Inge; in
1164 Magnus Erlingsön was crowned king of Norway:
in 1181 a sea-fight was fought off cape Nordnæs
between king Magnus and king Sverre; in 1184 king
Magnus was entombed in Christ Church; in 1188 .the
horde of the Kuvlunger, and in 1194, that of the
Oye-skegger were slain by king Sverre, the latter in a
hardly contested engagment off Florvaag; in 1198 the
Birkebeiner and Bagler passed the whole summer here
in violent strife, both in the town itself, and outside
its limits; king Sverre died here in 1202. In the year
1223 a great parliamentary meeting was held here, at
which Haakon Haakonsön was proclaimed legitimate
heir to the throne of Norway; in 1247 he had himself
crowned with great magnificence by Cardinal Wilhelm
of Sabina. He was buried 1264 in Christ Chnrch. The
prosperity of Bergen culminated during the reign of
Haakon Haakonsön; at that period she was the
wealthiest and most populous city in Norway, and, probably
enough, the first commercial city of the North; she
had been, too, for the space of a hundred years, the
royal residence. Numerous ecclesiastical ana municipal
buildings of great beauty adorned the city, — no fewer,
for instance, than 30 churches and religious houses,
the most notable of which were Christ Church, an
edifice of vast proportions, and the Church of the Apostles,
huilt on the Holmen (now the site of the fortress of
Bergenhu8), Jonskloster, and Munkelivs Kloster, west
5*
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