Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - Second part - X. Manufacturing Industries. By Å. G. Ekstrand, Ph. D., Chief Engineer, Control Office of the Department of Finance - 4. Oils, Tar, India-rubber, and kindred commodities - Candles - Other Manufactures - 5. Timber-ware Industry - Wood-Pulp Manufacture
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818
x. manufacturing industries of 8wedbn.
many directions, in conjunction with J. Michaëlson established the factory at
Liljeholmen. In 1843, Lars Montén founded the Clara candle-factory, the
second of the kind in the country. In 1900, there existed three stearine candle
factories, employing 312 hands and turning out 23,857 quintals of candles, at
the calculated value of 2,391,000 kronor. The imports of candles were 70,000
kronor, the export barely 4,000 kronor.
In the manufacture of stearine candles, certain fatty substances are used far
raw material, such as tallow and various oils consisting of a mixture of fluid fat,
oleine, and more or less solid fats, as palmitine and stearine. In the
manufacture of candles, these so-called neutral fats are decomposed by the action of
some weak acid into glycerine and oleic, palmitic, and stearic acids respectively.
Oleic acid is fluid at ordinary temperatures, palmitic and stearic acids, on the
other hand, are solid, and, after due cleansing, these are employed in the moulding
of candles. The by-products in candle-making, glycerine and oleic acid, are
preserved and purified separately. Glycerine is made use of in a large variety
of ways, for instance as a superior kind of lubricant, as a medical agent, and,
first and foremost, as an ingredient in nitroglycerine. Oleic acid, in trading
incorrectly termed oleine, is employed both in the manufacture of hard and soft
soap and as a dressing agent in the textile industry.
Other Manufactures.
Of such, varnish is the only one that requires to be mentioned here. There
were, in 1900, 15 factories for the production of varnish in Sweden. The number
of hands employed was 91 and the value of the turnout was calculated at 9 93,000
kronor. In 1900, the import of varnish was worth 237,000 kronor, 13 5 % of
the amount being spirit varnish. The exports only amounted to 54,000 kronor,
the percentage of spirit varnish being about the same as above for the imports.
5. TIMBER-WARE INDUSTRY.
Of this important industry, the most extensive of any pursued b
Sweden, the branch concerning the production of non-manufactured
wooden goods has been treated of above under the heading: Forest
Industries. The number of centers in that branch of timber-ware
industry, in 1900, was 1,148, employing 43,312 hands and with a
turnout valued at 163 million kronor. An account now remains to be given
of the manufacture of finished articles of wood, and this, too, is one
of the most considerable of Swedish industries; in 1900, there were
555 factories concerned in it, with a staff of 25,121 hands, the result
of whose labour was valued at 68 million kronor. It should be noted
that matchmaking is included in these figures, as is customary in
Swedish Statistics; that branch might of course equally well be
referred to the chemical industries.
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