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ARTICLES FOR NUTRIMENT OR INDULGENCE.
779
The Manufacture of Beet-Sugar.
As far back as between 1830 and 1840, attempts were made in
Sweden to manufacture beet-sugar, but the factories then started soon had
to be given up, as the percentage of sugar extracted was too small.
Though experiments were renewed from time to time, especially in the
beginning of the seventies, the industry cannot be said to have really
taken firm root in Sweden until the first half of the eighties.
In 1901, there were 20 factories making beet-sugar in Sweden, one
in Blekinge, one in Gotland, the others in Skåne. Of the latter, 3 were
so-called syrup-stations (see below). The Swedish sugar factories, as
regards technical equipment, are fully abreast of the times; the larger of
them are capable of working up as much as 1,000 tons of beet per diem,
corresponding to about 120 tons of sugar. This rapidity of production
has had as a result the limiting of the season of manufacture; by law
it extends from September 1 to August 31, but does not as a rule begin
until October, and many factories have now completed the working up
of their beet by Christmas-time.
The diffusion-method is employed at all the factories; the beet is
cut into slices which are thoroughly steeped in warm water in diffusers.
At the syrup-stations, only steeping is done, the syrup being afterwards
conducted in underground pipes to the main factory.
The seed required for the cultivation of the beet is purchased abroad.
The crop of beet per hectare varies between 235 and 320 quintals, the
average being estimated at upwards of 290. By way of comparison it
Table 117. Manufacture of Beet-Sugar in Sweden.4
Average for
the years1
[-Factories.-]
{+Fac-
tories.+}
Beet-land.
Hectare*. 2
Beet
worked.
Quintals.
Production in quintals.
Raw sugar. Molasses.
Percentage of i
Yield.5 j
Raw sugar. Molasses.
! 1876/80......................1 400 113,300 9,472 I — 8 34 —
1881/85......................2 1,150 327,124 28,505 12,635 8 69 4 06
; 1886/90......................4 4,150 1,162,286 118,241 37.354 10 34 318
1891/95......................13 14,800 4,157,316 460,664 116,914 1120 283 !
J 1896 00 ....................19 26,048 7,170,543 898,706 190,317 12 54 2 69
I In 1895....................18 18,648 5,387,089 621,143 157,534 11-61 3-08 j
’ > 1896....................19 28,360 8,902,404 1,055,562 251,789 11 86 2 83 j
> 1897....................19 23,665 7,161,412 889,353 207,313 1242 289 I
> 1898....................19 22,793 4,809,315 593,162 131,538 1233 274
, • 1899....................19 26,470 6,220,466 808,107 186,537 12 99 300
1 > 1900....................19 28,950 8,759,116 1,147,347 174,410 13 10 199
i • 1901....................20 27,570 9,037.1)23 1,253,793 162,141 13 87 1-79
1 The figures for years given here, denote the beet-seasons, consequently periods
commencing dnring the year named and coming to an end in the following one. — * For
the years 1876/94, the number of hectares are roughly estimated upon the basis of a crop
of 280 qninta’ per hectare. — 3 The figures for the five-year periods are avorages of the
percentages of yield for the respective years. — * An hectare = 2 47 acres. A quintal = 197 cwta.
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