Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - Second part - IX. Mining Industry and Metal Production - 2. The Iron and Steel Industry. By the late Prof. J. G. Wiborgh - Ingot iron (Steel) - 3. Other Minerals and Metals. By the late Lector C. G. Särnström
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752- ix. mining industry and metal production op sweden.
fossil coal is used, and the amount required is about 150 tons per ton of
steeL-The output was 398 tons in 1901.
At Vikmanshyttan, however, cast steel is made from granulated pig iron
(pig iron which has been caused to run into water), roasted iron ore (about 20 *),
and a little charcoal powder, with which mixture the crucibles are charged, and
after preheating are heated in draft furnaces. This method of making steel
(discovered by the Austrian Uchatius) was introduced at Vikmanshyttan in 1860.
In 1901, the output there was 647 tons. Also this steel is of excellent quality.
Electro-Steel. The so-called Electro-steel is manufactured at the
Gysinge Works according to a method recently invented by the Swedish
Engineer A. Kjellin.
It is made out of Dannemora irou by smelting in an electrical furnace.
This is of the Transformer type, i e., the melted iron serves as the secondary coil.
The crusible is a circular ring-shaped tube of fire-proof material. The furnace is
fed by a single-phased current of 3,000 volts’ tension, and requires an electric
power of 165 kilowatt. Hereby 4 tons of steel are produced per diem. The
furnace can hold 1,800 kilograms, of which 1,000 kilograms are tapped at a time.
The steel produced is distinguished by being of very superior quality; it is dense
and free from blister, easily worked in the unhardened state as well as tenacioas.
Already this steel has found an important use for manufacturing finer edge tools
of the most superior quality. It is produced with many different percentages of
carbon, and also as Chrome and Wolfram steel.
Statistics. The production of ingot metal, from 1871, in the principal
countries is presented in Table 107, p. 750. The diagram p. 750 shows the amount of
production in Sweden for each year, from 1866 to 1898 inclusive, and Table 101
on page 707 gives some specifications. In these Tables the whole production of
Bessemer and Martin ingots is included.
The exports of ingots amounted, during the quinquennial periods 1881/1900,
in yearly averages to 743, 6,316, 5,146, and 8,192 metric tons respectively; in
1900, the corresponding figure was 8,974 tons, of which 5,324 tons to the United
Kingdom and 2,294 tons to Germany. The imports and exports of a couple of
important articles on a lower degree of manufacturing, i. e., rails and plates, ii
to be seen in Table 108, p. 751. The large imports of rails do not depend on
the Swedish manufacturers not being able to produce rails — as is fully shown
by the preceding — but on the impossibility of competing in low prices with the
larger manufacturing establishments abroad, specially devoted to production in mass.
3. other minerals and metals.
Leaving iron out of consideration, mining in Sweden is of minor
importance. Import and export figures for products under this category
also give the negative result shown by Table 109, p. 753.
The importation of coal has previously been dealt with on page
684. The importation of other minerals embraces a great number of
items, of which Chilian saltpeter (2-64 million kronor, in 1902), salt
(1*9) million), caustic potash (Ts9 million), superphosphate (1*97 million),
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