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320
IV. EDUCATION AND MENTAL CULTURE IN SWEDEN.
During the school year 1902—03, the entire number of public colleges
as supported by the State amounted to 82. Of these, 35 had nine classes,
26 five classes, 17 three classes, 3 two classes, and 1 one class. Those
containing nine classes are called higher or complete colleges; those
containing five or three classes, lower colleges; and those containing less
than three classes, pedagogies. But by municipal contributions and
private donations, one lower school of five classes (Ystad) has been
extended so as to comprise nine; and most of the other lower colleges have
in a similar way been extended beyond their normal size as State
schools, so that in reality, during the school year 1900—01, 36 colleges
had nine classes, 1 six classes, 38 five classes, 1 four classes, 2 three
classes, and 1 two classes.
Of the 36 colleges, 25 have both the lines complete; 7 only the
classical line (3 having a scientific line in the sixth class); and 4 only
the scientific line. All, with four exceptions, have both lines in the
fourth and fifth classes.
The number of students in a section of the five lower classes must
not exceed 40. But as parallel sections often occur in the same class,
there are higher schools with 600 or 700 students, and lower schools
with 300 or 400.
All the colleges are located in towns and cities. Their distribution
is seen on the map, page 318.
Administration. The public colleges, like most of the educational
institutions of the country, range under the Ecclesiastical Department.
Within this department there is a special Bureau for the higher
educational affairs, whose chief attends to school questions, and at times
proceeds to inspect the schools.
"Within each diocese the bishop is the Superintendent (Eforus) of
its public schools; for colleges not located in the cathedral city, he
appoints as his representative an inspector. The Chapters also possess
certain authority over the colleges, having, for instance, to appoint
their teachers. The public colleges in Stockholm are all under one
Board of directors, which exercises over them the authority of the Eforus
and the chapter. One of them, however, the Nya Elementarskolan
(see above, p. 319), occupying also in other respects an exceptional
position, has a special Board of directors.
At the head of every college there is a principal (rektor), who is
appointed by the Government from among the applicants for a definite
term of years — usually five — at the time. Beside his duties as
head of the school, the rector has a certain amount of teaching to do,
and is responsible for the school finances.
The rector is assisted in the performance of his duties by the
Faculty (Lärarekollegiet), consisting of the teachers of the school,
presided over by the »Eforus» or Inspector, if he is present, otherwise
by the rector. The faculty determines upon questions of teaching,
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