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Provinces, viz. Vmalappmark, Pithalappmark, Lulalapmark, Tornelapmark,
and Kimilapmark, comprehending Angermandlandslapmark under Vmalapmak,
not that they are one and the same Province, but because they are both
governed by one Lieutenant. Each of these Provinces take their name from
Rivers that run thro the midst of them, as Wexionius in his description of
Swedland assures us. As for their situation, Angermanlandslapmark borders upon
Andermannia and Jemtia, to this joins Vmalapmark, next to that is
Pithalapmark, and then Lulelapmark, all of them lying Westward, reaching on
one side to that ridg of Hills that divides Swedland from Norway, and on the
other side to the Western Bothnia. Northward of them lies Tornelapmark,
and extends it self from the fartheh corner of the Bay of Bothnia all along
the North Sea, called by Seamen Cape Noort. Next to this lies Kimilapmark,
winding from the North toward the East, and bounded on one side by the Eastern
Bothnia, on another side by that part of Lapland that belongs to Russia,
and on a third side by Cajania and Carelia.
Moreover these Provinces we are speaking of, are subdivided into lesser
parts, called by the Swedes Byar, as Samuel Rheen tells us, and are
equivavalent to our Shires, and the Pagi of the Ancients. So in Cæsar we meet with
Pagus Tigurinus, and Pagi Suevorum, which were not Villages or Country
Towns, but large parts of a Country, such as the Greeks called νόμοι, used
in ancient times in the division of Ægypt. Hence the Glossary renders the
ancient Toparchiæ, Pagus, τοπαρχία, χώρα, νόμος. There are several of these
Pagi or Shires in each Province, except Angermanlandslapmark, which makes
but one Pagus, vulgarly called Aosahla. Vmalapmark hath four, Vma, Lais
or Raanby, Granby, and Vapsteen. Pithalapmark seven, Graotreskby,
Arfwejerfsby, Lochteby, Arrieplogsby, Wisterfby, Norrvesterby, Westerby. Lulalapmark
five, Jochmoch, Sochjoch, Torpinjaur, Zerkislocht, and Rautomjaur.
Tornelapmark eight, Tingawaara, Siggewaara, Sondewara, Ronolaby,
Pellejerf, Kiedkajerf, Manstalka, Saodankyla, Kithilaby. So that all the Territories
or Provinces are divided into 33 Byars. In each of these there are several
Clans or Families, which the Swedes call ræker, each of which have a certain
allotment of ground assign’d them for the maintenance of themselves and
their Cattel; not in the nature of a Country Farm with us, but of a very
great length and bredth, so as to include Rivers, Lakes, Woods, and the
like, which all belong to one Clan or family. In every Biar there are as many
allotments as there are families that can live of themselves, and are not forced
by poverty to serve others. In the Byar called Aosahla there are about 30 of
these Clans, or families, in others more or less according as they are in
bigness, which all have their several names, tho ’tis not worth while to repeat
them. And thus much shall suffice of the third division of Lapland, not lately
made (except that under Charles IX some Clans had certain allotments assign’d
them) but derived from very ancient time; as appears from hence that neither
the Laplanders have known, nor the Swedes given them any other, since the
Country hath bin under their subjection. Nor are the words modern, or taken
from any thing that may give any cause to suspect them of novelty: which I the
rather observe, that from hence the native simplicity, agreable to the antiquity
of the Nation, may appear.
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