Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - XI. The Government of Finland and its Future
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result in a very great number of deaths. The average
duration of life is not low, but a considerable number
of persons die relatively early; the probable duration
of life is therefore not high. The number of deaths
among small children is not high compared with other
countries, as for instance Southern Germany or the big
Russian towns or provinces in interior Russia, where
between one-third and one-fourth of all children in
their first year die, not the least conspicuous cause of
which is the rule for fasting of the Greek Orthodox
Church. Finland shows in some parts a result less
favourable than the general result, as for instance in
the number of deaths among children in the neighbourhood
of St. Petersburg, where many mothers leave their
children to become wet-nurses in the large city; and
also on the coast of Ostrobothnia, where we are less
certain of the reason; it may be connected with the
great prominence of salted fish in the food, or to
emigration or other causes. The number of deaths
is least among the wooded hills in both the western
and eastern interior. The land is possibly more
healthy here, where it is better drained by
rapidly-running streams; also plenty of money is earned here
in the woods. All these figures, marriages, births, and
deaths, vary of course with the influence of good and
bad years; showing for instance the fearful effects of
a famine such as that in 1867, and the particularly
good situation at the period of the great lumber export
in the first part of the seventies, and showing again
considerable progress during the last few years.
Another result shown by the above-mentioned work
of Dr. Renvall is that it is particularly the industrial
and commercial classes who are progressing, and whose
numbers and incomes are increasing. The middle-class,
with permanent incomes as officials or in similar
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