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was modified so that several important manufactured
products imported from Finland, when these consisted
of goods also made in Russia, had to pay a duty
equivalent to the difference in duties on raw material,
half-finished products and parts of machinery, the
Finnish duty on such raw material from foreign
countries being lower than the Russian. In fact,
however, the duty now imposed was somewhat higher than
could be counterbalanced by these advantages. For
certain Finnish articles a maximum import for goods
under this low duty, or duty free, was fixed, a
limitation not unknown in the decree of 1869, but now
again enlarged. The principle was in this manner
laid down of the protection of Russian manufactures
against Finnish competition. Later, in January 1890,
a committee was nominated to discuss tariff unity
with Russia, but the difficulty of executing the
proposals now formulated for this purpose caused
the discussion to drift on without any result. After
deliberations by fresh committees a new ordinance
was published, which had been proposed by the
Russian Minister of Finance and approved by the
Finnish Senate in May 1897, which limited still
more the free import from Finland to Russia, and
increased the differential duties, increasing, on the other
hand, the former maximum import in the case of some
articles. In Finland it was now believed that the
matter was finally settled, especially as the clause in
the treaty of 1894 with Germany, according to which
the import duty in Finland could have been increased
by 50 per cent. of the difference between the Finnish
and Russian tariff, was not utilised. In 1893 the
Finnish Senate had been ordered to introduce measures
for the increase of the Finnish tariff up to the figures
of the Russian, but it had recommended the
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