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nowadays also manufactured in the country. The import
of dairy-machines and vessels decreased from about
⅔ to ⅓ of a million, because in 1899 fewer large
creameries were erected. Ships were imported in
1899 to the value of over 7½ million marks, 4¾
millions of this being for steamers, against 7 millions
in 1898, 2½ in 1897, and 3 millions in 1896.
Among raw material imported we find such articles
as flax to the value of 1 million marks, cotton 6
millions, wool 2 millions, and some yarn and thread.
Tanning materials amounted to 5,000 tons in 1899,
against 2,500 in the two preceding years. An
interesting import is that of books, mostly, of course,
Swedish, the value of which in 1899 was 1¾ million
marks and 1½ million in the two preceding years. Of
more doubtful meaning is what we learn from the
import figures of piece-goods in cotton, wool, linen,
and knitted goods. The import reached the
considerable figures of 19 millions in 1898, and 18
millions in 1897, against 14½ millions in 1896;
which, of course, indicates the progress of popular
wealth. In 1899 it was again less, being only 14
millions; cotton goods representing 4 million marks,
against the 6 millions of 1898, and woollens
representing 6 millions instead of 9. This difference is
undoubtedly due to the establishment of mills in the
country itself, which had now begun to bring their
wares into the home-market; but on account of
the protective tariff this is a progress of more than
doubtful utility to the country.
Trade with various countries presents several points
of interest concerning the economic situation and calls
for consideration, especially as regards the influence
exercised by the tariff relations with Russia. The
trade with Russia is, of course, the largest, and would
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