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these particularly the water-power is spread over such
a long distance of rapids that the force which it is
possible to use decreases to a very small quantity.
The most northerly river, the Muonio, has a fall of not
less than 72,000 horse-power. Torneå has nine falls
of more than 30,000 horse-power each, one of 116,000,
and another of 133,000. The river Kemi, or Kemijoki,
has three falls of more than 50,000 horse-power each.
These rivers respectively receive the water of 34,000
and 53,000 square kilometres of land; and the snow
on the mountains, which melts late, furnishes a
continuous body of water. Iijoki with its affluents has
eighty falls; and, on its own water alone, one of 123,000
horse-power, and nine others varying from 11,000 to
55,000 horse-power. The Kajana and Emäjoki, affluents
of the Uleå or Oulunjoki, have seven falls of 10,000
to 27,000 horse-power. After the Uleå has flowed
out of its large lake it has one fall, the Niskakoski,
of 158,000 horse-power (one of the instances of great
reduction for practical application, for it can only be
reckoned at 27,000 horse-power), and another, the
Pyhäkoski or “Holy Fall” of not less than 222,000
horsepower. Few of the rivers farther down the coast have
very large reservoirs, with the exception, however, of
the Lojo River in the south-west and the lake-system
of Jänisjärvi in the south-east, from which come the
rivers which we mentioned when speaking of the
industrial establishments. A couple of large falls, also
previously mentioned, are found on the river Kumo
where it runs out from the lake-system of Näsijärvi
and Pyhäjärvi; and we have referred to several others
on the rivers which carry water down from the north
to this system of lakes. More considerable, and also
already noticed, are the four falls at the mouths of the
Kymmene River, which carries down the water from
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