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entirely for the home market in order that they may
make the highest possible profit out of the protection
accorded by the tariff, they would probably go in
much more for specialities and so obtain better general
results.
It is natural to compare the manufactures of Finland
with those of Russia. The textile, and especially the
cotton industry, is the most important of all
manufactures in Russia, and really benefits by several
natural advantages; it is close to markets in which
there is a large genuine demand and which use a
considerable amount of cheap cotton goods; and wages
are much lower than in England or in America,
or even in that part of Germany where weaving and
spinning have their particular home. Nevertheless it
is certain that the great majority of Russian factories
would be closed on the day when they could no longer
live by high protective duties at the expense of the
consumer. There is, however, one exception to the
general rule in Russia, not less interesting because,
more than any other factory in Russia, this one works
under conditions very like those in Finland. Von
Schultze-Gävernitz, a German author who has
examined into the industrial situation of Russia with the
greatest care and technical knowledge, exempts this
establishment from his general opinion of Russian
factories. It was erected at Kränholm, at a fall of the
river Narva, by the man who introduced and for a long
time dominated the cotton industry of Russia, the
Anglicised German Von Knoop. It has this advantage
over the factories in the interior of Russia, that it is
near coal, cotton, imported machinery, and other
manufacturing material which are of importance; although
here, as elsewhere in Russia, high duties must be paid on
raw material and other articles used. But then, most
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