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Formerly, before the present duties checked this class
of import, the Swedes preferred to use Finnish rye as
seed; they could manage with a smaller quantity than
if they used their own rye. Very possibly other
countries would find it profitable to adopt this former
practice of the Swedes. The great farms often dry
their sheaves of rye, especially for seed; while with
other kinds of grain they do not take this trouble, but
only dry it after thrashing, as is done in other countries.
Buckwheat, used chiefly as human food, is grown on
some of the burnt-over lands in Eastern Finland.
Hemp, as well as flax, has been grown in the country
from very old times; the Kalevala, the great Finnish
mythical epic, dating from the later days of Paganism,
speaks of both, as well as of the common kinds of
grain; but hemp is not much cultivated now, and only
in Eastern and Northern Finland. Flax, which is well
adapted for newly-cultivated grass land, is more largely
used, and is in considerable demand in the country
round Tammerfors, where linen is manufactured. It
is more carefully tended here than in Russia, and is
therefore whiter.
In addition to the ordinary turnip, which has
recently been introduced into Finland, a particular
variety, yellow in colour with red or green tops, was
grown formerly to a considerable extent in the ashes of
the burnt forests. This variety can be grown as far
north as the lake of Enare (69½ degrees), and is still
used there, as well as in the east, for human food.
Generally, however, it has been abandoned for the
potato. In the south, mangels are grown successfully;
and in a district near Åbo, where a factory for
producing raw sugar from mangels was established, it was
suggested that the mangels contained as much sugar
here as they do farther south. The factory, however,
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