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- II. The Eskimo language, its admirable organisation as to the construction and flexion of words
- Particular nouns
- Verbs and their flexion
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| at | with | suff. | atâ | what | is | below it |
| sujo | — | — | sujoa | — | - | before it |
| kit | — | — | kita | — | - | seaward of it. |
PERSONAL WORDS. Pronouns, as often mentioned, are
represented in the flexion of the verbs. But if merely the person has to
be expressed, separate words are required. For the third person we
find them among the demonstratives mentioned above. The first and
second person are expressed by uvanga I, and ivdlit thou.
Kleinschmidt derives these words from the supposed stems uva and ile,
which, with suffixes for my and thy, could signify: my (being) here,
thy (being) there. This hypothesis has been confirmed by the
Mackenzie grammar in which ivdlit is iluit i. e. thy ile or ilo.
To the particular nouns might also be counted: kise «aloneness»
and «tamaq» whole (see the glossary).
Verbs and their flexion.
We have already mentioned the verbal stems, slating that by
themselves they are only serviceable as interjections, whereas in
order to become words for ordinary use they have to be furnished
wilh a formative addition. The flexion of verbs in one respect is
less complicated than that of nouns, in as much as only this
formative addition is altered by it, whereas the stem itself, excepting
slight modifications of the final sound, is never affected by the flexion.
But as to multiplicity of forms the flexion of verbs is by far more
complicated.
THE FLEXION COMPRISES (1) MOODS (2) PERSONS WITH
INDICATION OF THE SUBJECT, (3) SUFFIXES OR THE OBJECT BUT NO
TENSES. What was formerly considered tenses consists of affixes.
Most commonly it already will be given by the context, whether
an action is passed or future.
The first alteration by flexion is for the mood, for which the
verbs are divided into 5 classes. As the formative addition is the
variable part, one of its forms has to be considered the standard for
explaining the others. For this use the 3d person of the indicative
with the suffix likewise of the 3d person for transitive verbs, has been
selected. The formative addition to the stem then is poq, voq or oq,
wilh the suffix: pâ, vâ or â. Including the last sound of the stem
which is slightly altered we set THE FOLLOWING ENDINGS AS
REPRESENTING THE 5 CLASSES OF VERBS:
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