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ment; ami bis brother Olaus wrote the often quoted ‘Historia de
Gentibus Septentrionalibus’. An equally indiscriminate writer of
history, and an author of dramatic and other works, was Johan
Messenius (d. 1637). Even Gustavus Vasa had been anxious to
preserve the purity of his native language, hut it was not till the
ITthcent. that scholars interested themselves in it. Queen
Christina, a talented and learned princess, was a great patroness of
literature. She invited foreign savants to her court (Descartes.
Grutius, and others), as well as native authors, including Johan
Bureus (d. 1652) and the versatile and distinguished Goran Lilje
(ennobled as George Stjernhjelm; d. 1672). At this period, too
(1658), Jön Rugtrum first called attention to the treasures of
Icelandic literature, anil antiquarian and historical research now
came into vogue. mtjernkiwk, the jurist (d. 1675), and Widekindi
(d. 1678), Verelius (d. 1682), Vercing(å. 1697), Rudbeck(A. 1702),
and Peringskiöld (d. 1720), the historians, were meritorious writers
of this school. Hitherto German influence had preponderated in
Sweden, hut about the middle of the 18th cent, a preference
began to he shown for the French style. To this school belong
Olof ron Dalin (d. 1763), the poet and historian, and Count Tessin
(d. 1770), a meritorious art-collector, and among the scholars of
the same period were Lagerbring, the historian (d. 1787), Johan
litre, the philologist (d. 1780), and above all Karl von Linné (d.
1778), the famous botanist. The ‘Vitterhets Akademi’ or
‘academy of helles lettres’ founded in 1753 was extended by
Gustavus III. so as to embrace history and antiquities, and he also
founded the Swedish Academy. To the academic school belonged
Kellgren (d. 1795) and Leopold (d. 1829), hut a far more
popular poet, and one who repudiated all the traditions of French taste,
was Bellman (d. 1795), the singer of sweet and simple ballads,
whose ‘Fredmans Epistlar’ was deemed worthy of a prize even by
the Academy, and whose memory is still fondly cherished.
The Continued Union of Norway with Denmark.
When Sweden withdrew from the Kalmar Union (1523)
Norway at first remained faithful to Christian II., hut Vinceutius
Lunge procured the election of Frederick I. (1524). This king’s
Protestant tendencies induced the Norwegians to re-elect
Christian II. in 1531 , when the deposed king appeared in Norway
with an army, hut he was treacherously arrested the following
year and ended his life in captivity (see p. lxi). Frederick thus
regained Norway and continued to prosecute the objects of the
Reformation till his death (1533). The nobility and the
Protestant party in Denmark elected his eldest son Christian III.
as his successor, and the southern half of Norway under Lunge
acquiesced. A rebellion of the northern provinces, which cost
Lunge his life, was quelled, and the archbishop who had headed
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